Quick, what are you going to have for
dinner a week from now?
If you're like most people I know, you
haven't got a clue.
Now take a good look in the mirror, because
consumers like you are the main reason online grocer Webvan
Group Inc. {WBVN}
will likely go under before most Americans ever see the company's
shiny new trucks in their neighborhoods. Webvan, you see, was
counting on millions of busy Americans like you to get with
the program.
The fact that you didn't speaks volumes
about how Silicon Valley lost touch with reality in the late
90s. And understanding what went wrong is a useful lesson for
investors to keep in mind as they look for new tech-based businesses
to bet on. The lesson: No amount of cutting-edge technology
can compensate for a flawed premise.
Webvan's high-profile CEO, George Shaheen,
of Andersen Consulting fame, is still trying to pull off a miraculous
turnaround. Barring that, however, it appears the company may
have trouble surviving past the end of this year when the money-hemorrhaging
firm plans to seek additional funding. With union organizers
beginning to circle the company there's also the possibility
a mercy killing might end it all well before then.
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| Post-IPO Stock-Performance of Webvan
Group Inc. |
Late last month Webvan indefinitely postponed
plans to roll out its home grocery delivery service in Northern
New Jersey, Washington D.C., and Baltimore. The capitulation
to reality was the latest setback for a company that has seen
its stock drop more like a guillotine than a falling knife.
This week Webvan shares could be had for less than a pack of
chewing gum.
Less than a year ago, you'll recall,
many analysts were predicting a bright future for Webvan shareholders.
"If you're willing to be patient
and wait a good year or so, I think you'll see some pretty good
returns," promised Jeetil Patel, an analyst at Duetsche
Banc Alex. Brown, based in San Francisco, just last July when
the stock was trading at about $8 a share.
Obviously, it hasn't turned out that
way.
Most observers have been casting blame
for the poor performance on the company's high costs coupled
with the traditionally thin margins in the grocery business.
In this case, the flaw was the belief
that massive investments in new highly automated warehouse facilities
would create efficiencies that could be passed along to grocery
shoppers in the form of a virtually free home delivery service.
The warehouses cost $25 million apiece and were the lynchpin
of the company's business plan, which was initially capitalized
at more than $120 million, roughly five times what the average
Internet start-up received at the time.
It was faith in the company's superior
warehouse technology that led Webvan's backers to ignore operational
problems at the many other firms that had previously targeted
the online grocery niche without much luck.
But the warning signs were there.
More than 30 other online grocery firms
were already up and running in one form or another, most with
very limited success, when Webvan stepped up to the plate. The
stock of San Francisco-based Peapod Inc. {PPOD},
for example, was languishing well below its initial offering
price in the weeks immediately before Webvan pulled off its
splashy November, 1999 IPO. (Like Webvan, Peapod's stock is
going for under a dollar today).
Webvan's backers claimed, however, that
the company's spiffy warehouses would make all the difference
between it and the also-rans, all of which manually picked their
groceries right off the shelves of conventional neighborhood
supermarkets at the time.
But it turned out there was an even bigger,
more intractable problem, one that, on reflection, really shouldn't
have come as that much of a surprise: Well-ingrained consumer
habits are very, very tough to break.
I'll use my own experience as an example.
My wife and I tried Webvan's service
shortly after it started up here in the San Francisco Bay Area.
The service was a delight. As first time
customers we got $10 off our initial order, which showed up
right on schedule slightly more than 24 hours after we hit the
"confirm purchase" button. That was the first delivery
window available.
The driver carried the groceries into
our house and unpacked them from their attractive blue carrying
crates right onto our kitchen table. He even gave us some neat
refrigerator magnets and other cool little doodads. Everything
arrived just as ordered at prices that were, for the most part,
competitive, although certainly not better than we could find
in our local discount market.
We used the service twice more after
that - and have never used it since.
So what stopped Webvan from being more
than a fleeting novelty in our house?
Ironically, the one thing it was supposed
to deliver but didn't: convenience.
Like most working couples, my wife and
I are busier than we care to be. We pretty much already have
all we can handle keeping on top of the basics, our jobs, managing
financial accounts, scheduling visits with friends and family,
and juggling our volunteer activities. We're exactly the type
of computer-savvy consumers a time-saving service such as Webvan
should appeal to.
But like a lot of consumers, we're also
not the greatest of planners, especially when it comes to meals.
I realize there are people out there
who do their meal planning one week or more ahead, which would
make them better candidates for Webvan's service. But judging
from the hoards of shoppers who crowd our local supermarket
right before dinnertime, most busy Americans aren't among them.
At least, not around where we live.
What's more, it seems to me that the
type of person who plans out meals a week or more in advance
is also the type of person who is more likely to go shopping
for what they need at places where they can buy it least expensively.
If you're worried enough about your budget to plan meals days
ahead of time you're probably not comfortable sitting on your
fanny and having someone else deliver those groceries to you
even if the prices are only slightly higher than you might find
elsewhere. The service also appeals to shut-ins, of course,
but that's another group hardly known for its big spending ways.
Webvan's beleaguered officials, of course,
dispute all this.
In fact, the one highlight of Webvan's
otherwise dismal fourth-quarter report released on January 25
was the eye-catching claim that repeat customers accounted for
86% of total orders during the preceding quarter, a period when
Webvan's registered customer ranks reportedly swelled to 640,000,
up from 520,000 three months earlier. The average order size
for the year-ending quarter was also up, hitting almost $112,
an increase of 9% over the $103 reported three months earlier.
That means that Webvan has, not surprisingly,
attracted a core group of dedicated customers who unlike my
wife and I have found a way to successfully integrate the home
delivery service into their day-to-day lives. I've talked to
some of these customers and I know they are truly fanatic about
the company.
The problem, however, is it appears there
just aren't enough of them. More troublesome, the most dedicated
Webvan customers apparently don't live close enough to each
other for the company to make much if any money serving them.
Oftentimes, for example, I see Webvan
trucks parked at the side of the road in our neighborhood, with
the driver listening to the radio or thumbing through a newspaper.
Webvan drivers, of course, are required to make their deliveries
on time. To its credit, the company bought enough trucks to
make that happen. But the flipside of that is that when a driver
gets ahead of schedule he or she must sit and wait until the
time of their delivery arrives.
Needless to say, paying drivers to sit
around and wait is not part of the business plans of the services
that have figured out how to make money by delivering stuff,
such as FedEx and UPS. I don't know about where you live or
work, but the FedEX driver who makes stops at our location looks
more like a blur than a bump on a log.
This is not to say the Internet and the
grocery business will never intersect.
More likely, things will eventually turn
out more along the lines that Rob Labatt, an analyst at Dataquest,
based in San Jose, California, first suggested early last year.
Labatt was one of the few skeptics on
Webvan. He maintains that pre-existing brick and mortar grocers
could make even better use of the Internet by offering a service
that allows shoppers to use the web to select groceries that
are then picked and packed for them at their local store within
a few hours. That way, a shopper could decide what they want
for dinner around 3pm, hit their keyboard while looking after
their kids, and then make a quick run over to the market later
the same day to pick up their groceries, maybe even at a drive
thru window.
Now that would be convenient.
Several big grocery chains are reportedly
looking into the idea and one or more might roll out market
tests before long in a few carefully targeted areas to gauge
consumer reaction, proceeding from there only if the operations
are profitable.
In the meantime, however, it looks like
most of the rest of us are probably going to have to continue
doing our own grocery shopping, at least for the foreseeable
future.
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